why ccl4 dipole moment is zero

Because if you pick one end of it and move along it to the other end there won’t be any change in the charge.

……Cl
……|
Cl–C–Cl
……|
……Cl

Carbona

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=O
………………………………….|
………………………………….OH

pentanoic acid

Carbon tet’s a spot remover; I gave you the generic product name. If somebody wants you to huff that with them to get high, pass. Check your toxicity data online. Besides acute toxicity, CCl4 should be a potent carcinogen.

If it is flashed at high temperature, like dropping it on red-hot metal, it should pyrolize to form phosgene, a war gas. I am not a terrorist.

It is not really true that you trace from one end to the other. I am only a chemist and let’s face it: I was never very good and I did it a long time ago.

I don’t know what you do. I just know it when I see it, and this one is all balled-up with one carbon atom and every way out from the center looks the same. In contrast, each end of the carboxylic acid is different. Since the nuclei of the atoms making up a molecule occupy given geometrical locations and the electrons smear out around that geometry, the electrons can concentrate around whichever nuclei draw them the strongest. The electrons in question are only the outermost bonding or “antibonding” electrons, and also the energy levels which would have electrons in them if there were enough. The pertinent quantity is the “Pauling electronegativity”, and F is the strongest, and O is second. Pentanoic acid has some Os.

Dipole moment arises from partial charge, which is present even though the mathematical balance of electrons required in a structural formula is satisfied and, thus, the compound is neutral overall. It is very important since it strips electron density away leaving nuclei deshielded and gives rise to chemistry between species or between monomers or intramolecularly, or, I believe in this context, explains solvation.

The chloride ligands are directed to the corners of a tetrahedron, so, this is what CCl4 really looks like, since it isn’t flat like I first drew it. This is CH4, methane, but, the geometry is the same. Methane’s dipole moment is _______?

367

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